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     Robert apparently inherited Barton and Witherslake from his father Roger. In 1283, "Robert de Lancastre holds Barton and Witherslak, and render yearly one niais hawk (speruarium sorum) and 1d; they are worth 301."¹

     It is unclear whether this Robert was the son of Walter de Lancaster or is the Robert who was the son of Roger de Lancaster, son of Gilbert FitzReinfrid. I have repeated this Robert and his son John under Roger de Lancaster and continued his line here.

     Roger de Lancaster was born say 1200. He married Philippa de Bolebec, daughter of Hugh de Bolebec and Margaret de Montfichet, before 23 October 1262.³ Roger died before 22 February 1290/91.

     Roger was also known as [Sir] Roger de Lancaster.

     Early genealogists have claimed that the Lawrences of Ashton Hall were descendant from a Robert Lawrence or de Lancaster knighted in 1191 by Richard Coeur de Lion for distinguishing himself in the siege of Acre during the Crusades in the Holy Land.⁴ This appears to be disproved by later researchers as stated by Schuyler Lawrence in his Lawrence Family Record Series.

     According to Schuyler Lawrence the Lawrences did not occupy Ashton Hall to about 100 years later in 1292. The first mention of the family is in a suit in 1292 where Lawrence de Lancaster of Ashton sets forth his claim to 30 acres of land in Skerton. This suit mentions the first three generations of the family beginning with this Roger de Lancaster and it appears that they were of a family long settled in the nearby town of Lancaster.

     From what records I have been able to research, including the Victoria History of Lancaster which was one of the sources used by Schuyler Lawrence, I feel the evidence strongly suggests that the Lawrences of Ashton Hall descend from Roger de Lancaster. The question remains whether this Roger de Lancaster was is some way related to the Sir Robert Lawrence of the Crusades. There appears to be evidence that this Sir Robert existed. What is confusing it that he is referred to as Robert Lawrence and surnames generally did not come into use until the late 1200s or early 1300s and John Lawrence, the first Squire of Ashton Hall is indicated as being the first to use the Lawrence surname having taken it from the given name of his father Lawrence de Lancaster.

     The de Lancasters were barons of Kendal. Roger was the illegitmate son of Gilbert FitzReinfrid de Lancaster. As such he was not in line to inherit the Barony but he did, however, wear the same arms as his father. This line of the de Lancaster family held, at various times, the manors of Deepdale, Glencoyne, Withirslak and Knoksalcok.³

     From The Old Manorial Halls of Westmorland & Cumberland by Michael Waistell Taylor: "William the third died towards the end of Henry III's reign without issue, leaving two sisters Helwise and Alice, between whom were divided the inheritance and dignities...There was however a half or illegitmate brother named Roger, to whom William made sundry gifts. To this Roger thus came the succession of Holgill or Howgill, and the manor adjoining, also various lands in Barton and Patterdale; and in the 3rd of Edward I, he obtained confirmation of the grant made to him of the forest of Rydal, as well as Amelside and Loughriggge."³

     In 1196, Witherslack was probably a member of the demense lands of the barony of Kendale for by a fine that year in the king's court between Gilbert son of Roger Fitz-Reinfrid and "Aylewise" his wife, plaintiffs, and Henry de Redeman, tenants, respecting "Witeberge," this is Whitbarrow with the appurtenances, the said Henry quit-claimed to them the right which he had held in Witeberge, for which they gave him Selesat by the right bounds by which Cospatric de Selesat held it with other privileges and granted to Henry and his men of Levenes common of pasture of the moss between Witeberge and Levenes, to be held by Henry and his heirs by the free service of 5s. yearly. Gilbert Fitz-Reinfrid probably enfeoffed his natural son, Roger de Lancaster, of Witherslack shortly before 1220. It descended to John, son of Roger de Lancaster and was held by Annora, relict of John, at the time of her death in 1338. It had been granted in 1328 to John de Cancefield, as trustee, for settlement upon Roger de Lancaster, brother of John, for life, with remainder to Michael son of Robert de Haverington.⁵

     1210-20, Ralph de Eincurt grants to Gilbert de Hasunderlau 5 a. in Lefnes which the grantor had from Roger de Lancaster of the fee of Orm de Niandsherg, to hold for 12d. yearly. Witnesses: Nicholas parson of Kirkebie, Benedict writer of the charter, Robert de Eincurt, Matthew de Sithrith[ergh], Philip de Likeberh, Thomas de Linaker; Orig. at Sizergh Dodsworth's MS., 149, f. 135.⁵

     1227-37, Ralph de Aencurt gives to Roger Abot and his heirs 5 a. land which he had from Roger de Lancaster in the vill of Levenes, namely of the fee of Orm de Niendershergh, to hold by rendering 12d. yearly. Witnesses: Sir John de Kirkeby then official of Richmond, Sir Philip de Burgh, Sir Richard de Preston, Thomas de Levenes, Robert [de] Brigestre, John de Derham, MIcholas son of Robert de Kirkeby; Dodsworth;s MS., 149, f. 135.⁵

     The chapel of St. Martin's, Martindale, standing in Howe Grain is mentioned in a charter dated between 1220 and 1247, in which William de Lancaster granted to his half brother Roger, son of Gilbert Fitz Roger Fitz Reinfrid, the forest of Martindale by these bounds:--'then descending by the Grenerig as far as Staynraise by the chapel of Martindale.' In another charter, date 1266, settling a dispute between Roger de Lancaster and Henry de Tirril about rights of common a boundry line is defined as following 'a stream to the chapel of St. Martin.'⁵

     1249, Roger de Lancastre appeared against (1) Alexander le Waleys, (2) Richard son of Adam del Gate, (3) Richard son of Adam le Fevere, (4) Robert Tailor (sutor), (5) Robert the Chaplain's son, (6) Gregory son of Adam, (7) Henry de Ketelestal, (8) William de Croppehuby, (9) Thomas son of Robert, (10) Hugh de Pikering and (11) Robert Le Fraunceys of a plea that by force and arms they came to the said Roger's water of Whytherslak, which is his free fishery, and fished there without his licence.⁵

     1251, John de Heselslak was attorney for Henry de Bethum in a plea against Roger de Lancaster. Roger demanded against Henry de Bethum 100 a. land in Witherslack as his right. Henry prays for a view. In 1256 Roger was attached to answer Henry de Bethum of a plea the he with Hugh le Esquier, Simon de la Croye, Adam son of Osbert, William son of Osbert, Adam Ballard, Adam son of Samuel, Thomas Schefdor and Thoams son of Willilam, by force and arms came to Henry's wood in Hale Cat and cut down his trees and carried them away, and on Monday after Mid-lent, 37 Henry III, came by force and arms with bows and arrows, swords and hatchets and cut down about 200 trees and carried them away to his loss in £20. Roger denies and puts himself on the country; Henry offers one mark for an inquiry. On the morrow of Holy Trinity the jury at Kyrkeby say that Roger and the others did not come by force etc., nor fell trees, nor carry them away. Henry is in mercy.⁵

     1251, Roger de Lancastre demands against Henry de Bethum 100 a. land in Witherslack as his right. Henry prays for a view. Ajourned to Hilary term; Assize R. 1046, m. 75.⁵

     1256, Roger de Lancastre was attached to answer Henry de Dethum of a plea that he with Hugh Le Esquier, Simon de la Croye, Adam son of Osbert, William son of osbert, Adam Ballard, Adam son of Samuel, Thomas Schefdor and Thomas son of William, by force and arms came to Henry's wood in Hale Cat and cut down his trees and carried them away, and on Monday after Mid-Lent, 37 Henry III, came by force and arms with bows and arrows, swords and hatchets and cut down about 200 trees and carried them away to his loss in £20. Roger denies and puts himself on the country; Henry offers one mark for an inquiry. On the morrow of Holy Trinity the jury at Kyrkeby say that Roger and the others did not come by force etc., nor fell trees, nor carry them away. Henry is in mercy; Assize R. 979, m. 8d.⁵

     1256, Roger de Lancaster acknowledged that 30 acres of land in Wytherslak were the right of Henry de Midhop, saving to Roger common of Pastor. For this Henry released to Roger 100 acres in the same vill which he recovered against the said Henry by default in the last eyre at Nottingham, and nine acres there, namely in Halekat, about which teh said Henry arraigned an assize of novel siseisin against Roger at the last eyre in Westmorland.⁵

     1256, Roger de Lancaster released to Peter de Brus and Walter de Lindeseye his right in the forestry of the forests of Peter and Walter in Kendale, Lonesdale, and Furneys, granted to him by William de Lancaster, uncle of Peter and Walter.⁵

     In 1266-7 Roger obtained a charter of free warren, and in 1280 he further procured a charter for a Thursday market at Ulverston and a yearly fair on 7-9 September, but the abbot objected to the market, as it was to the injury of his own market at Dalton, and the market is stated to have remained in abeyance tull the overthrow of the abbey, when it was revived as more conveniently placed at Ulverston than at Dalton.²

     In 1269 there was a dispute over the wardship of Roger son and heir of Henry de Croft of Dalton, which the king had given to Roger de Lancster.²

     1275, Margaret de Brus, late the wife of Robert de Ros of Werk, granted to Roger de Lancaster her part of Rydale by bounds (described), he part of Amelsate and Loghrygg with common of pasture within the bounds of Gressemere, to hold as Peter de Brus, her brother, and William de Lancaster, her uncle, formerly held the same, to hold for the 4th part of one fee. This was followed by an order to permit Roger de Lancaster to hold in peace, lands in Rydale, Amelstate and Loucrigg, lately seized by the escheator, as Margaret de Ros granted the same to Roger by the King's licence.⁵

     1275, Order to permit Roger de Lancastre to hold in peace, lands in Rydale, Amelstate and Loucrigg, lately siezed by the escheator, as Margaret de Ros granted the same to Roger by the King's licence; Cal. Close r., 1275, p. 183.⁵

     Newland, which is joined with Egton in the title of manor and township, was at least in part in possession of Roger de Lancaster in 1276.² Also in 1276 the forest of Blawith was held by Roger.²

     In 1277, an agreement was made between Roger de Lancaster and William de Lyndesey respecting the said William's men and their beasts taken in Roger's forest of Rydal.⁵ Also in 1277 the Prior of Cartmel claimed a free fishery in the water of Broughton against Roger de Lancaster.²

     In a settlement of dispute between Roger de Lancaster, the mense lord, and Christiana, widow of Gilbert de Lancaster, underlord of Sockbridge, made in the year 1279, Roger granted to Christiana common of pasture for herself and her heirs dwelling in Sokebred for stock of every kind the whole year through. He grandson, another Gilbert, gave to his son Christopher, "a house and land" in Sockbridge.⁵

     William de Lyndesey died in 1282 seised of the manors of Barton and Witherslak which Roger de Lancaster held of him by the service of a sor sparrow-hawk (for Barton) and 1d. yearly (for Witherslak).⁵

     In 1282 Roger de Lancaster obtained a grant in fee of the moiety of Ulverston from the Brus heirs and a life-grant from the Lindsays, as appears from an agreement between Roger and the Abbot of Furness by which Roger was recognized as holding immediately of the abbot, and did homage in Carmel Church.²

     1283, Roger de Lancaster held the moiety of Banandisdale of William de Lindeseye for 2s. rent; Roger the marshall held le Holmes for 2d. rent.⁵

     1291, Roger de Lancaster held at his death the dale of Rydale of the king in chief for a 4th part of a fee. The manor of Wythirslake, extended at £15 19s. 10d. yearly, the valley of Ridale, extended at £20, and other lands were assigned in dower to Philippa, wife of Roger de Lancaster, although the king took homage of John de Lancaster, Roger's son and heir, for the lands which his father held in chief and caused him to have seisin thereof, it was not his intention to omit assigning dower of the lands to Philippa.⁵

     1291, Roger de Lancaster held at his death the manor of Werrslak of the heirs of William de Lyndesey for 2d. yearly rent. The manor of Wythirslak, extended to £15 19s. 10d yearly, and other lands are assigned in dower to Phillippa, late wife of Roger de Lancaster.⁵

     Roger de Lancaster was born say 1110.¹ He married Sigrid of Allerdale.^2,3Roger is said to have married the widow of Waldeve or Waltheof of Allerdale. He may have also been referred to as Gilbert de Stainton.²

     Roger died without issue in 1328.²

     Robert son of Henry de Hest in 1292 released to Roger son of Roger de Lancaster land in Dalton.³

     In 1312 Roger son of Roger de Lancaster summoned John son of Roger de Lancaster to warrant him. John de Hornby the younger claimed 22 acres against the same Roger son of Roger in 1320.³

     On 17 August 1319, at Newbiggin, "Licence for John de Lancastre to enfeoff William de Herle of a moiety of the manor of Styford, co. Northumberland, held in chief, and for the said William to re-grant the same to the said John de Lancastre for his life, and if the said John should die in the life-time of Roger de Lancastre, his brother, that the said moiety should remain over to the said Roger for his life, and upon the deaths of the said John and Roger that it should revert to the said William de Herle and his heirs."²

     In 1320, licence was issued for John de Lancaster to enfeoff John de Lancaster of Holgill of the Manor of Rydale, held in chief and for the latter to regrant the manor to the former and Annora his wife, for their lives, with remainder to Roger de Lancaster, brother of the first named John de Lancaster, for his life, with the final remainder to John de Lancaster of Holgill and his heirs.⁴

     Serota de Lancaster married Allan de Multon.¹ Serota died without issue.¹

     Siegrid de Lancaster married William de Garstang.¹

     Siegrid married William the clerk of Garstang who had her lands and mill there in frank marriage. Their son Paulin de Garstang is the ancestor of the family of Wedacre.¹

     Thomas de Lancaster was born say 1225. Thomas died circa 1292.

     About 1247 the abbot and convent of Furness granted a toft to Thomas son of Roger de Lancaster in perpetual farm at 5s. rent; there was an oven on it.¹ The estimated birth date of Thomas de Lancaster is based on this transaction. It would appear that Thomas may have been the eldest son of Roger de Lancaster, not a younger son as stated in The parentage of William de Lancaster, lord of Kendal by Washington.² Thomas appears to have died circa 1292, about the same time as Roger de Lancaster or perhaps even before his father which may account for the lack of mention of Thomas as a heir of Roger. Also, was Thomas perhaps an illegitimate son of Roger, born before his marriage to Philippa de Bolebec?

     1274, Nicholas de la Quisine arraigns an assize against William de Stirkeland touching land in Sithereshergh; Dep. Keeper's Rep. 42, app. 653. Inquest taken at Kyrkeby in Kendale on Monday after the quindene of Holy Trinity, 2 Edward I (11 June, 1274) by the oath of Thomas de Lancaster, Richard Gilpin, John de Kenetemer, Roger de Bronolvesheved, Ralph de Patton, Thomas Collan, Benedice Gernet, Roger Kayrus, Robert de Stirkland, John de Midelton, Roger , son of William, William de Friysbank, and William son of Lexander, jurors, to make an extent of lands of Robert de Ros of Werk, who say that the castle of Kyrkeby in Kendale with the parks, vivaries, herbage and "cista" therein is worth one year with another ten marks; there are in Kirkeby in demesne 160 a. arable land, each worth yearly with meadow 6d. sum 66s. 7 d. (sic); the vill of Kirkeby with enclosure is worth 10 marks yearly; a water-mill, the moiety thereof pertaining to this part, with the moiety of the mills of Rispeton and Appeltweht, is worth 28 marks yearly, where of Alan de Sutton receives 50s. yearly and Adam de Lancastre 20s. for their lives; the moiety of the fulling-mill of Kirkeby, formerly extended at 10 marks, is now 8 marks, as the tenants of John de Bellewe ('de Bella Agua") in Kenetemere, who married Laderina, one of the sisters and heirs of Peter de Brus, do not suit at the said mill as of old in Peter's time; the moiety of the mill of Patton, formerly extended at 10 marks, is now 9 marks, as William de Wyndesores has set up a mill at Grarig to its injury in 1 mark yearly; the mill of the hospital is worth yearly 60s; the moiety of the mill at Dylaker is worth 10s yearly; the fishery of Fors is worth 6 marks; in the demesne of Helsinton there are 210 a. land with meadow, each worth 6d. yearly worth with the emendation of the grange, herbage of the hay with the forest and dead wood felled, £4 13. 4d; farm of the tenants in Helsinton, 64s. 10d; from geld ("goldor") of sheep there, 3s; farm of Henry the reeve of helsinton, 20s; the farm of Grenerig, 54s., and from "gold" there, 6s. 8d; farm of Adam de Riboyers, 6d; farm of Hagayl, £6 3s. and from "gold" there, 5s; from a meadow called Rispetun-henge, containing 9 a., 12 d. an acre yearly; from the herbage of Adam Brun, 16s. yearly; from the farm of William [le] Sauser, 3s 6d yearly; from that of Beauconquayte, 7s. yearly; from that of Stavley, 70s yearly and from the demesne there 46s. and from "goldis" there 6s. yearly; from a close at Hoon (?), 12d. yearly; from the farm of the vill of Stirkeland, 60s., and from "Golds" there, 3s; the meadow of Leythild, 6s. yearly; the farm of the vill of Schalquatrig, 50s. yearly; the farm of the tenants of the underwoods, 48s. the farm of Hotun, 110s. and from "golds" there, 6s; from the mill there, 100s; farm of the tenants in the forest with Schewreschale and Oxinhoime, £11 6s. 9d., herbage there 5 marks; from Adam son of Henry for a shieling and a 2 a. land, 3s; there are free tenants [in Kendale] who pay yearly £7 4s. 3d.' two year-old hawks, 2s; 2 pairs of gilt spurs, 13d; gloves, 1d; 6 cross bows 10d; 12 arrows 2d; 4 lbs. pepper, 40d; 4 lbs. cummin 4d;and 1 lb. wax, 6d; the forests of Ridale with Satsondoff and Becmelbrid and Carkerdale are worth £14 13s. 4d. yearly; the farm of Gresmere with a moiety of the mill and the fulling-mill, "goldarr" of sheep, moors, fishings and a brew-house, is worth £7 17s. 3d; the farm of Langedon with a moiety of the mill and herbage of the forest are worth £3 18s. 8½d; in Crostweyt there is land in demense worth 22s. 11d; the farm of Crostweyt with the herbage, "goldis," a brew-house and the mill are worth £11 15s. 11d. yearly; from the moiety of Aynerholm, 3s. 4d. yearly; from the farm of Adam Chefdor, 3s. yearly; Roger's island in Wynendemere is worth 12d. yearly; from small fishings above Kirkeby ½ mark; free tenants in Westmerland under 104s. 4d. yearly; the court of Kendale, worth one year with another and formerly extended at £20, is now worth £18, being reduced in value 40s by the purparty of John de Bellewe; from stallage, small herbages, pannage, honey and squirrels, 102s. Total £197 17s. 3½d. The said manor [of Kirkeby in Kendale] has fallen to the pourparty of Margaret de Ros, the last-born daughter and one of the heirs of Peter de Brus, and is held of the king in chief; Inq., p.m. 2 Edw. 1, n. 26.³

     Thomas de Lancaster had two sons, John de Lancaster, the heir, who had no issue, and Lawrence de Lancaster, the eventual heir.

     

     In 1304 a Thomas de Lancaster claimed 24 acres in Highfield from William son of William son of Juliana de Lancaster. In 1331, Alice, wife of William de Slene, was a defendant to a claim by Roger son of Thomas de Lancaster of Kendal.² Could the Thomas de Lancaster mention be the son of Simon de Lancaster?

     Unknown of Lancaster married Henry de Redmayne, son of Norman de Redman, circa 1184.¹

     William I de Lancaster was probably born in Kendal, Westmorland, England, between 1100 and 1110.² He married Gundred de Warenne, daughter of William II de Warenne and Elizabeth de Vermandois, circa 1154.^3,4,5 William died circa 1170.²

     William was a very important man and married Gundred de Warrene, an important member of one of the most powerful families in England. He lived through a Scottish invasion and must have served under three competing claims to the monarchy above him during the anarchy in Britain (King David of Scotland, King Stephen of England and Mathilda his competitor in England). Several websites claim that he served as castellan of Egremont in Cumberland in 1138 to William Fitz Duncan, a member of the Scottish royal family. A charter refers to him as if were lord of Muncaster, which is also in Cumberland and apparently a lordship which would have come under Egremont. In one article it is claimed that the de Lancaster arms are derived from this Scottish William.⁶

     After the chaos of King Stephens reign, William, son of Gilbert de Lancaster was fully established as baron of Kendal and Lord of Warton, Garstan[g]. He changed his name to de Lancaster on the orders of the King, Henry II, and was summoned to Parliament. Before 1139, William gave land in a place called Suartheued, in Hensingham, or Preston, near Whitehaven to St. Mary and St. Beda and the monks of York.⁴

     About 1130-1140 Carnforth was included in a feoffment made to William son of Gilbert de Lancaster, whereby it afterwards became a member of the barony of Kendal, and descended in the same way as Nether Wyresdale and Ashton. In the time of Henry II an eighth part of the township was given by William de Lancaster I to Robert the Falconer to hold by knight's service.⁷

     The marriage date for William to Gundred de Warenne is questionable. Some sources put it as 1154. This causes problems with the birth date of Avice of circa 1134. Gundred was married previously circa 1130 to Roger, Earl of Warwick, by whom she had several children. Her birth date is given as 1117. This would make the marriage date to William of 1154 sound more reasonable. Was Avice a daughter of William by a previous marriage? Given his estimated birth data of between 1100 and 1110 it would be reasonable that he had a first wife before Gundred who may be the mother of Avice.

     Before the conquest Scotforth was, with Ellel and Ashton, held by Cliber, Machern and Gillemichael, and was assessed as two plough-lands. Afterwards it came into the hands of Count Roger of Poitou and later was granted to the Lancaster family. It descended among the heirs of Lancaster and was held later by Gentyl, Washington, Lawrence and Gerand. William I de Lancaster granted two ploug-lands in Scotforth to Hugh de Norreys or Norman, to be held by knight's service.⁷

     In 1066, the manor of Forton was held by Earl Tostig. Later it was a member of the Garstang or Nether Wyresdale fee and was granted by William de Lancaster I, except for demesne and wood, to Warine de Lancaster. The gift was confirmed by William's son; the vill was to be held as 2 oxgangs of land where twenty-four flough-lands made a knights fee.⁷

     1150-55, Roger de Mowbray gave to William, son of Gilbert de Lancaster in fee and inheritance all his land of Lonsdale, Kendale and Horton in Ribblesdale, to hold by service of 4 knights' fees.⁸

     1150-70, William de Lancastre I, for the soul of his son Jordon, grants to the monks of Fountains the fishery in the water of Lon called Chil. Witnesses: William the priest, Thomas son of Ulvet and Adam his son, Robert son of Lefwin and Reginald his brother, Roger de Croft, Robert the chamberlain, Wifehil the usher, Robert Quisquis (Roberto Quoquo), Adam son of Richard, Runcin the man of Roger de Molbrai, and Tancrin; Lancaster, Chartul. of Fountains, i, 458.⁸


     1150-84, William son of Gilbert de Lancastre granted to Roger his brother in fee the advowson of the church of Barton co. Westmoreland; Cal. Pat. R. 1374 p. 422.⁸

     The manor of Yealand Redmayne was the result of a partition of Yealand made probably by William de Lancaster I in the time of Henry II.⁷

     The manor of Broughton was in the Fells and was held of the Lancaster family as a member of their barony of Ulverston. It probably became attached to the Lancaster family after the partition of Furness Fells about 1160, William de Lancaster choosing the western moiety, which would include Broughton and Dunnerdale. William de Lancaster gave or confirmed Broughton to Ailward de Broughton to hold of him for by knight's service.⁷

     Ulverston was part of the honour of Lancaster in 1127, when Stephen Count of Boulogne named it to be included in his grant of a moiety of Furness to found an abbey. It was probably at that time held by the Lancaster family. In 1162 Henry II confirmed an agreement made between the monks and William de Lancaster I as to the division of Furness Fells.⁷

     Before 1176 William de Lancaster I granted Yeland and Silverdale, as a plough-land and a half, thie being apparently a moiety of the whole, to Adam de Avranches.⁷

     William II de Lancaster married Hawise de Stuteville.³ William died circa 1184.²

     William died 1 Richard I (1184) leaving his wife and only daughter Hawise, who was married by King Richard to Gilbert, son of Roger FitzReinfrid. Hawise de Stouteville, the widow, married secondly Hugh de Morvill, a brother of Richard de Morvill who had married Avice, William II's sister. The fee held by the family of de Lancaster, within the county of Lancaster, was of abnormal size, consisting of twenty-four carucates, in addition to twelve and one half carucates held in demesne, or granted in franklamoign.²

     There was a grant from William de Lancaster II to Gilbert, his son, of a moiety of the manor of Sockbridge, witnessed by his wife Helewise, Elias de Stiveton, Will. de Loncastre. Was this an illegitimate son or was he referring to his son-in-law Gilbert FitzReinfrid? The latter makes sense as the Sockbridge manor descended via the illegimate son of Gilbert FitzReinfrid's heir, William III.² My analysis indicates that the latter does not make sense as William's daughter was not given in marriage to Gilbert FitzReinfrid until after the death of William. Her marriage took place in 1189.

     William de Lancaster II granted land in Tover to Augustine de Heaton, and this charter was before 1199 confirmed by Gilbert FitzReinfrid to Roger, Augustine's son.⁴

     1170-80, William de Lancastre II grants to Gervase de Ainecurt £15 worth of land for the service of ¾ fee in Natland and Bothelford [extending] to the brook of the gallows and to the bounds of Hoton and Stainton, with Sizaritherge, Winderg and the other Winderg, the grantor's part of Lander and that part of Socabret which Waldeve held, all which he gave for £ 10s. worth of land; and for 50s. worth of land in arrears he delivered to the said Gervase the service of Hacatorp in pledge for 50s., until he perfected teh said £15 worth of land. Witnesses: Norman the sewer, Jordan the grantor's son, Gilbert the grantor's son Grunebald, Robert de Heriez, Anselm, Orm son of Tore, Roger de Crof, Roger son of [Adam, Orm son of Bernu-]lf, Robert Mustel, William parson of Warton John the clerk, Richard the Chamberlain, W[illiam Pultyngton]; orig. D. at Sizergh.⁵

     1184, the men of William de Lancaster of Kendale render 10 m. for some plea by the hands of Ranulf de Glanville.⁵

     William de Lancaster II gave Levens to his seneschal, Norman de Hieland, otherwise de Redman, shortly before his death in 1184. Henry de Redman, son of Norman, succeeded his father before 1188, in which year he made an agreement with the English owner of the vill, Ketel son of Uchtred, whereby Ketel gave to Henry half the demesne land of the vill and in return Henry granted that Ketel should hold the other moiety of Henry by the same service that Henry was required to pay the chief lord for the whole vill, namely 8s. yearly. Ketel was teh ancestor of a long line of owners of Nether Levens, who bore the name of the township.⁵

     1184-89, William Marshal (Marecallus) confirms to Gervase de Eincurt his tenements which William de Lancastre gave him as his charter testifies, "to hold of the said William Marshal and his heirs in fee and inheritance." Witnesses: Thomas son of Gospatrick, Gilbert de Lancastre, Roger de Croft, Roger son of Adam, Henry son of Norman, Geoffrey de Prestun, Geoffrey son of Robert, William Waler[an], Matthew Gernet, William de Kettovill, Richard son of Alard, William de Befill, Gamel the for[ester]; roig. D. at Sizergh.⁵

     William III de Lancaster married Agnes le Brus, daughter of Peter II le Brus and Hawise de Lancaster.² William died on 12 November 1246.² Conflicting evidence states that he died on 29 November 1246.³

     On May 6, 1220, the land of Gilbert FitzReinfrid is taken into the king's hands and nothing removed therefrom until William de Lancaster, son and heir of Gilbert, does what is due to the king. Mandate to William de Lancaster to deliver to Theobald son of Theobald Walter his siter Matilda whom king John committed to Gilbert FitzReinfrid, William's father to bring up.⁴

     William succeeded to the Honor of Lancaster in the 4th year of the reign of Henry III, the de Lancasters being back in favor by this time. He was Justice Itenerant for Cumberland in the 10th year of the reign of Henry III. William III was given back the Kendal Castle and was the Sheriff of Lancaster from 1232 to 1246. The de Lancasters were very close to the de Brus family. William married Agnes de Brus, his brother married Margaret de Brus, and his sister, Hawise, married Peter le Brus. After Williams death in 1246, Agnes held the manors of Crossethwait, Gresmere and Lych for life.² Some indicate that William and Agnes had no surviving children. Stirnet Genealogy names one daughter who married Sir William de Lindsay, Lord of Lamberton.

     1222-1246, William de Lancaster grants to the free burgesses of the borough of kirkeby in Kendale certain privileges and liberties to be held of him and heirs forever, freely, quietly and honourable, namely that each burgess may take as many tofts as he will, yielding to the grantor and his heirs the rent of 6d. yearly for each toft, and that they may take of his wood between Kent and Wynandermer their necessaries without view of his foresters, and that they may have common of pasture on that side of Kent on which the grantor's hay is, outside the covert, and on the other side of Kent unto Leesbeck, and common of pasture after the corn and has has been cut and led away elsewhere with the grantor's other men: Also that they may take dead wood with view of hsi forsesters between the highway and Mynnte, which way extends by the hospital of St. Leonard unto Fowbeck, and following Fowbeck until it falls into Mynt and following Mynt in descending to the bridge, and on the other side of Mynte between the same Mynte and the highway which leads to the messuage of Patrick de Skelemssergh unto Whitwell and so over against and by the bounds of Skelemessergh unto Mynte, and they may take dead wood there in like manner.⁴

     1224, on August 18 Williamd de Lancaster is at Bedford in the king's court. The demand against William for the scutage of Montgomery is put in respite.⁴

     1225, a mandate is issued to William de Lancaster to disafforest certain woods in Westmerland afforested by Henry II or Richard I, the men of the county having complained that he still held certain woods and moors afforested as from that time in the same state as they were, contary to the terms of the king's carta de foresta.⁴

     1226, William de Lancastre makes fine for the debt of Roger de Leiburn to certain persons; R. Litt. Claus., i, 129b.⁴

     1230, The plea between William de Arundell and William de Lancastre touching the making of the boundary between William de Arundel's land of Frithebank and William de Lancastre's land of the Hay in Kirkeby [in Kendal] is put in respite because William de Lancastre has left for parts beyond seas; Close R., 1230, p. 349.⁴

     1231, Trinity term, William de Lancastre was attached to answer Rober de Kyme wherefore he does not keep the agreement made between them touching £15 of rent in Ulveston yearly, until he should confer upon Robert his knight £15 of land in fee and inheritance, payment of which William has stopped for 6 years, whereby the rent is in arrears £90 and he has suffered 40 marks damages. William acknowledges the charter and that nothing has been paid, but he says that three years ago he assigned to him £15 worth of land in Killington, namely 300 acres, and Robert was willing to accept the land and it was given to him by metes and bounds and he was in seisin etc., Robert denies that any land was assigned to him or that he was contendted as to 2½ marks. Judgment: Robert shall recover arrears of £88 6s. 8d. and the said damages; Curia Regis R., 109, m. 16.⁴

     1234, William de Lancaster and his 2 knights with others are directed to remain at Shrewsbury until the Purification, for safety of those parts.⁴

     1235, William de Lancaster holds 2 fees of his barony of Kendale.⁴

     1236, a mandate to William de Lancaster to send to the king the sturgeon taken on the sea sands, although it was found within the liberty of the abbot of Furness.⁴

     1242, William de Lancaster was summoned to serve over seas.⁴

     1242, Mathew son of Henry de Redmayne held part of Yealand of William de Lancaster III.⁵

     1220-1246 William de Lancaster III granted all the land of Forton to Ellis le Fleming for a rent of four barbed arrows; he also gave to the canons of Cockersand in alms all his demense land and his wood of Forton, Ellis releasing to them his right ot pannage.⁵

     1242, William de Lancaster III held half a knight's fee in Ulverston in demesne, paying to the Abbot of Furness 30s. a year.⁵

     1243, William de Lancastre III aceknowledges that he has given to Henry son of Gilbert de Wyteby for his homage and service and for a quit-claim made to him of 110 a. land in the vill of Scotford, except a 6th part of the mill, of 8 score and 16 a. land, namely 30½ a. land in Traneweyth, 9 a. land in Rackewrth, 56½ a. land in Bolteston, to hold quit of multure and pannage, saving to William his venison, birds which other birds take and fishings of his waters, rendering a pair of gilt spurs or 6d. at Midsummer; Cur. Regis. r. 130, m. 11d.⁴

     1244, Ingeram de Stanton (recte Santon) was the attorney of William de Lancastre in a plea with Matthew de Redmain; Curia Regis R., 134, m. 1d.⁴

     1245, William de Lancaster is on the king's service in Wales. He surrenders the county of Lancaster (i.e. the office of the sheriff), to Matthew de Redeman, to whom the king has committed it.⁴

     1246, Roger de Heaton complained that the superior lord, William de Lancaster III, had thrown down his mill at Torver, and was compelling his tenants to grind at the Ulverston mill. An agreement was afterwards made by which William de Lancaster III released his claim to suit of mill and allowed Roger to erect and maintain his own mill at Torver.⁵

     1246, William de Lancastre III on his death bed enfeofffed John de Brus of the manor of Kylington, with 10 m., and committed the wardship of that land and of the said John to the prior of Coningisheved; Cal. Inq., pt. i, 166.⁴

     1246, William de Lancaster, shortly before his death, enfeoffed .... Duble of 20 a. in Helsington, worth 20s., John le Waleys of 22 a. worth 22s. and Philip de Mara of 12 a. worth 6 s; Lancas. Inq., i, 167. A day was given to William de Lancastre, Ralph de Eyncurt, Robert son of Utred and Henry de Sysergh touching a plea of estovers, by Willliam son of Uctred, on the octaves of St. Hilary at Leycestre; Assize R. 1045, m. 54. Ralph de Eyncurt appeared agains William de Lancastre of a plea that he permit Ralph to have reasonable estovers in William's wood in Barton, as he ought to have. Wiiliam was attached by Roland de Revegel and Gilbert the Constable. Adjourned to Leycestre in Hilary term; ib., m. 55 d.⁴

     1246-50, Lawrence son of Richard, for the health of the soul of William de Lancastre, his lord, releases to the abbot and canons of Cockersand the service of a sor sparrow-hawk yearly with the fur-gloves which he used to receive from them for the land of Colpthwait; Chartul. of Cockersand, 973.⁴

     Peter, the son of Peter de Brus, and William de Lindsey, husbands of William's sisters, Hawise and Alice, were William's next heirs. The castle and manor of Kendal were given to Peter de Brus, but, in 1266, the Honor of Lancaster was conferred upon Henry III's son, Edward Crouchback, who also obtained Leicester and the lands between the Mersey and the Ribble. The latter had by this time been inherited by the Earl de Ferres, a supporter of Simon de Montfort in his rebellion against Henry III, and Leicester was Simon's seat. Both were forfeited in the aftermath of the rebellion's failure.²

     The advowson of the church at Warton was held with the manor by the Lancasters and was first recorded in the inquisition after the death of William III de Lancaster in 1246. It appears on division about 1250 and appears to have been assigned to the Brus family, and on the later division to the Thwengs; thus it descended to Lumlely and others, one portion being acquired by the Lawrences of Ashton, who presented several times.⁵

     In 1246 Godith daughter of Bernard de Kerneford released a fourth part of Carnforth to William de Lancaster III, the chief lord, who appears to have aquired nearly all of the freehold lands in the manor for the enlargement of his demense. William gave part of his demense in Carnforth to Robert de Kerneford. After the death of William a division of the manor of Carnfoth was made between Lindsay and Brus.⁵ Also after his death his manors of Whittington, Thornton, etc., remained for some years in the king's hand for debt. In 1254 they were leased by the tenant, Sir William de Valence, to Walter de Lindsay.⁵

     1246, William de Lancastre released to Gilbert (de Lancastre) his constable 3s. of rent in Quitewelle for 1d. yearly rent. Lancs. Inq., pt. i, 168.⁴

     On the division of the Lancaster estates after 1246 Ulverston was held in moieties like Nether Wyresdale. The Lindsay moiety passed to Coucy and on escheat to the Furness monks as superios lords; the other moiety was granted to Roger de Lancaster.⁵

     William de Lancaster married Margaret de Hollebeck.¹

     William was also known as [Sir] William de Lancaster.

     William de Lancaster married Alice de Gernet, daughter of Thomas de Gernet, before 1329.¹ William died on 6 October 1361.^1,2,3

     The web site The de Lancaster Family has William as the son of Richard, son of Sir John de Lancaster of Howgill. The Victoria History of the County of Lancaster has William as the son of Sir John de Lancaster of Howgill. I am going with the latter.

     Upon the death of Thomas Gernet before 1317 the manor of Caton was divided into moieties between Thomas's daughters Alice (or Aline) and Agnes. Alice married William, son of Sir John de Lancaster of Howgill in Westmorland. Agnes married John de Culwen or Curwen. The Lancaster moiety descended to William son William de Lancaster, who proved his age in 1365, having been baptized at Caton Church in September 1344.²

     William de Lancaster was baptized in September 1344 in Caton Church.³ He married Christiana ?.² William died in 1398/99.^2,3

     William was also known as [Sir] William de Lancaster.

     Sir William de Lancaster went to Ireland in the 1360s. He proved his age in 1366, was Sheriff of Westmorland in 1380, and Steward to the King's lands in Penrith and Sowerby in Cumberland in 1382.⁴

     Sir William de Lancaster of Canton died in 1399 holding the moiety of the manor of Priest Hutton of the rector of Warton by the rent of 6s. His widow held similiarly in 1405. Sir John son and heir of Sir William had livery.³

     

     In 1346 a Preston man complained that the bailiffs of Lancaster had in May 1343 seized two of his cloaks at the Marketstead there. The defendants said they took the goods because plaintiff would not pay the toll of 1/2d. The reeve and burgesses had held the town in fee-farm of the king for 20 marks a year, with right of fair, market and 'through toll' on goods in transit any day; more recently there had been a mayor and bailiffs. Judgement was give for the defendants. The palintiff's name was William son of Adam son of Simon de Lancaster.²

     William died in 1407.²

     On 8 January 1394, at Westminster, "Parton to William de Lancastre, son of William de Lancastre, knight, for the death of Nicholas Dobson, killed a Schallyng in Skirwith on Wednesday the feast of St. Barnabas in the fiftteenth years." This may refer to this William.²

     Begga of Landen was born circa 613.² She married Ansguises of France, son of Arnulf of Metz and Dode of Old Saxony, before 639.^3,2 Begga died circa 698.² Conflicting evidence states that she died in 693 in Ardenne.⁴

     Begga was also known as [Saint] Begue.

     James Robert Landrum was born on 3 November 1900.¹ He married Sarah Lois Lawrence, daughter of Alfred L. Lawrence and Amanda J. Settle, in 1922 in Barren Co., Kentucky.¹ James died on 18 May 1979 in Greenwood, Indiana, at age 78.¹ He was interred in Mt. Pleasant Cemetery.¹

     Eleanor Langdon was born circa 1840.¹ She married Daniel Lawrence, son of Stephen Henry Lawrence and Eliza Halstead.¹

     Constance de Langley was born circa 1374.¹ She married Thomas le Despenser, son of Edward le Despenser and Elizabeth de Burghersh, before 1384.² Constance died on 28 November 1416.¹